Borobudur, Indonesia

The back of a weathered stone statue's head, overlooking stone stupas and misty forested mountains.
(c) UNESCO / Himalchuli Gurung
The 9th-century Borobudur temple in Central Java can be read not only as an artistic and architectural landmark but as a large-scale, sophisticated example of Systemic Design in action.
This immense 9th-century UNESCO World Heritage site in Central Java, Indonesia, celebrated almost universally for its artistic and architectural brilliance, served as a compelling case study. Prompted by my shifting perspective, I started to ask: what if we viewed Borobudur not merely as art or architecture, but as a sophisticated, large-scale example of Systemic Design in action?

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In the framework

  • Pluriverse and pluriversal design · concept
  • Symbiosis (as the framework's logic) · concept

In the book

  • Chapter 5, section 044 · Borobudur: An Ancient Systemic Masterpiece

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